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英語四級語法知識：同位語從句
英語四級語法知識：同位語從句
同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實際內容，對前面的名詞(短語)加以補充說明或進一步解釋。
例如：
The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in the region has been discussed.
關于我們應該開發(fā)本地區(qū)資源的建議已經討論過了。
同位語從句的連接詞
1. 引導同位語從句的連接詞最常見的是that。
2. 連接詞when, where, why, whether, how 等也可引導同位語從句。
例如：
Have you any idea how fast sound travels? 你知道聲音傳播有多快嗎?
This is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否會來還不一定呢。
He had no idea why she left. 他完全不明白她為什么會離開。
3. 同位語從句中常見的先行詞
idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, 等等。
注意：同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別
1. 修飾的詞不同。
同位語從句前的先行詞比較有限，且大部分都是抽象名詞;定語從句的先行詞可以是比較復雜的內容，可以即包括人又包括物。
2. 從句的作用不同。
同位語從句是用來解釋前面的名詞的，而定語從句則是修飾的作用。
3. 關系詞的作用不同。
同位語從句中that 是連詞，不充當任何成分，但是不能省略。
而定語從句中that 是充當一定成分的，在某些情形下是可以省略的。
翻譯示例：
Many people have stopped buying it, ______________(盡管一再保證這種產品是安全的).
1. 介詞短語作狀語：所以前半部分作句子的狀語
2. 盡管可以用一個介詞短語，despite，后面應該接名詞短語
3. 同位語從句：assurance后面接一個同位語從句對“保證”進行說明。
答案：despite repeated assurances that the product is safe
實戰(zhàn)演練：
1. They received orders ___________ the work be done right away.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. The news ___________ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. when B. what C. why D. that
3. Information has been put forward _________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. as C. when D. that
4. Three days later, word came ________our country had sent up another man-made satellite.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
5. Along with the letter was his promise __________ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
6. The reason __________the little actress has been such a success is __________she is both clever and hard-working.
A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because
7. A warm thought suddenly came to me __________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
8. There’s a feeling in me__________ is- not ever.
A. which we’ll never know what a UFO
B. of which we never know what a UFO
C. when we never know what a UFO
D. that we’ll never know what a UFO
9. I've come from the government with a message __________.
A. if the meeting will be held tomorrow
B. whether the meeting will be held tomorrow
C. that the meeting won't be held tomorrow
D. which the meeting won't be held tomorrow
10. The thought__________.
A. of which he failed in the exam worried him
B. which he failed in the exam worried him
C. what he might fail in the exam worried him.
D. that he might fail in the exam worried him.
答案及解析：
答案：1. B 2. D 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.B 7. C 8. D 9.C 10. D
【解析】
1. 同位語從句。
that引導從句作orders的同位語，解釋orders的具體內容。
主句：They received orders. orders內容如下：The work be done right away.
2. 同位語從句。
that引導從句作news的同位語，解釋news的具體內容。
主句：The news surprised us greatly. news的內容如下：He was kidnapped.
3. that引導從句作information的同位語，解釋information的具體內容。
主句：Information has been put forward. information的具體內容為：More middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
4. that引導從句作word的同位語，解釋word的具體內容。
主句：Three days later, word came.
word的具體內容為：Our country had sent up another man-made satellite.
5. that引導從句作promise的同位語，解釋promise的具體內容。
主句：Along with the letter was his promise. promise的具體內容為：He would visit me this coming Christmas.
6. 此題為故意考查大家是否能辨別同位語從句與其他從句使用that的區(qū)別而設置。
并不考查同位語從句。
第一空為定語從句，why和that都可引導定語從句修飾the reason;第二空為表語從句，根據(jù)句意“……的理由是”只能選擇that，如果because或why就意為“……是因為”句意不通，所以，答案為B。
7. that引導從句作a warm thought的同位語，解釋a warm thought的具體內容。
主句：A warm thought suddenly came to me. a warm thought的具體內容為：I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.
8. 同位語從句that we’ll never know what a UFO is- not ever作a feeling 的同位語，解釋a feeling 的具體內容。
that連接同位語從句時，只起連接作用，不作從句的任何成分。
9. that引導從句作a message的同位語，解釋a message的具體內容。
a message的具體內容為：The meeting won't be held tomorrow.
10. that引導從句作thought的同位語，解釋thought的具體內容。
主句：The thought worried him. thought的具體內容為：He might fail in the exam.
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